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Back to February, 2002 Archive Index

Columns

Nunani

February 1, 2002 - Vanished: Part three
February 8, 2002 - Of cabbages and kings: Part One
February 15, 2002 - Of cabbages and kings: Part Two
February 22, 2002 - Of cabbages and kings: Part Three

My Little Corner of Canada

February 1, 2002 - The last Little Corner of Canada


SEX ED: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

March 8, 2002

Real men have vasectomies

The only permanent form of birth control is sterilization. When and if you are certain — beyond a shadow of a doubt! — that you do not ever want to have more babies, think about it.

Considering a vasectomy if you are a man ("getting clipped"), or a tubal ligation if you are a woman ("getting your tubes tied") is appropriate.

For men, vasectomy is a short, simple operation done under local aneasthesia. It is done through a small incision in the scrotum (the bag) not the penis. You go home an hour later.

After you have two semen (jiz, cum or whatever other term of endearment you use) samples that show no sperm, you can have sex and not worry about your partner getting pregnant. The failure rate is about 1 in a 1,000.

For women, having a tubal ligation is a safe, frequently done operation — but simple it is not. It takes longer, requires a general anaesthetic, and there is a greater chance of complications such as infection or bleeding. And, the failure rate is five times higher (depending on the technique used), so 1 in 200 women will become pregnant accidentally over one year.

As you all know, getting "clipped" or "tied" does not protect you against sexually transmitted diseases, so you still need to use a condom.

Studies show that when married couples decide they have had enough kids, it is still more often the woman who goes for a tubal ligation. As is usually the case in reproductive health issues, the responsibility and the consequences of decisions often fall into women’s hands.

It takes two to tango. Permanent birth control through sterilization is a perfect opportunity for making decisions together. For men, the procedure is safer and more effective and thus, I suggest to loving male partners: real men have vasectomies.

I hope 2002 has been good to you all so far.

I’m back and writing again... As with all of these columns, this is an overview of the subject— speak to a nurse or doctor if you would like more information about birth control choices.

Questions, comments? Write to nunatsiaqsexed@hotmail.com or send a letter to the Iqaluit office.

Next week: A Contraception Summary

TOP


March 15, 2002

Preventing teen pregnancy (or the birth control rap)

Sex is for procreation and for pleasure. Adolescence is a time of experimentation and risk-taking.

Young folks often find it hard to believe that it is possible to be responsible and have fun too — but it is. You owe it to yourself and your partner to learn about birth control and use it when you are sexually active.

The least effective method of all is to cross your fingers. This results in 85 per cent of women getting pregnant in one year. The most effective method is total abstinence (no intercourse ever) and not surprisingly, this gives women a zero per cent chance of becoming pregnant.

For those who do choose to be sexually active, there are a variety of ways to prevent pregnancy and protect yourself from disease.

In the past seven columns, we have covered condoms, the shot, the pill, the IUD, barriers, natural family planning and sterilization.

Make an informed decision about which will work for you and your partner. Some techniques are more or less effective than others, and each has its pros and cons.

Teen pregnancy rates have continued to increase steadily since 1987, with about half leading to live births and the other half ending in abortion or miscarriage. In the United States, where access to birth control and sexual health education is more limited, the rates of teen pregnancy are nearly double.

Why are high teen pregnancy rates not such a good thing?

Medically speaking, the health risks are greater to both baby and mother. Pregnant young women have higher rates of anemia, kidney problems, high blood pressure and depression. All of these can take their toll on a developing fetus.

At least as important is that getting pregnant in your teens usually gets in the way of your education. Without education, the chances of living a life in poverty go up dramatically. Whether or not you give your baby up for adoption, life changes in a big way.

In Canada there are more than 40,000 teen pregnancies per year. Youth living in the north have higher rates of teen pregnancy than other Canadians: while the national rate of pregnancy in young women (aged 15 to 19) is 43 per 1000, in the NWT (1997 data, so that’s us too) it was 125 per 1000.

Why are there so many unplanned pregnancies? Kids not getting the information they need is definitely part of it.

Sexual health education is about providing information in a way that gives people more power and control over their sexual well-being. It neither encourages nor discourages kids to go out and have sex. It’s about helping people make good choices.

Know and respect your body — treat it like a temple. Let’s not talk about sex in whispers.

Learn what to expect from a good relationship. Parenting is probably the most important thing you’ll ever do. Be ready and make it an active choice, rather than an "oops."

The cross-your-fingers method is not good enough. Understand the birth control options before you need them, and know where to get help!

That’s it for birth control options. Next week we’ll start on sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, unplanned pregnancies, gay and lesbian health, sex and smoking, sexuality in disabled folks, and more.

If you have questions or comments or would like a specific topic covered, send an e-mail to nunatsiaqsexed@hotmail.com or a letter to the Nunatsiaq News office.

Dr. Madeleine Cole is a physician at Baffin Regional Hospital.

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March 22, 2002

STDs: A reality check

I would love to write columns that say that sex is all good, with no "bad," but that wouldn’t be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause both short-term and lifelong problems, so understanding and limiting the risks is essential.

Two of the most important STDs are chlamydia and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). Others that I will cover in future weeks are HPV (the virus that causes genital warts and cancer of the cervix), hepatitis B, herpes, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

Your best protections from these diseases are using condoms and limiting the number of sex partners you are with. Having a condom between your skin and your partner’s greatly reduces your chances of sharing more than a fun time. The term "safer sex" reflects the fact that it is safer with "the glove," although a small risk still exists.

When you have intercourse with someone without a condom, in more ways than one you have just slept with every person they ever slept with before you. That’s why limiting the number of partners you have also increases your chances of staying healthy and avoiding STDs.

It’s not about what’s right and wrong, hip or not so hip, or what other people think of you — it’s about the mathematics: fewer bodies coming together leads to fewer shared infections.

It is particularly worrisome to know that rates of chlamydia and HIV infection, especially in youth, are on the rise. It is a myth that STDs don’t happen up here and that they are a big-city problem.

The fact is, STDs are very prevalent in the north and, indeed, in most communities with lower incomes.

Why is this? Lack of knowledge about these diseases and how they are spread, lack of access to condoms, not getting the infections diagnosed, power imbalances in relationships that prevent people from "negotiating" safer sex…. These are some of the challenges.

Sex is no business deal, but contract principles should apply. So — no deal unless both people agree to what’s happening and how to minimize risks. Whatever it takes to make condom use the norm is what needs to happen.

Myths: Some folks figure that a "healthy looking" person can’t have an infection and will make a safe sexual partner.

No such luck. Many men and women with STDs have no symptoms early on, but are still infectious. For example, with HIV the disease can be silent for years in a fit-looking body but all the while the virus may be replicating like crazy.

Don’t make dangerous assumptions. In steamy situations, some young, healthy people feel invincible and think "it couldn’t happen to me." A seize-the-day, sex-now-consequences-later attitude can kill.

Reality: You are too valuable and the consequences of some of these infections can be devastating. STDs can cause problems ranging from unsightly warts to painful ulcers, chronic pain, infertility, cancers and even death. It’s no laughing matter.

So now that nobody ever wants to have sex again... Make good choices, use condoms, have fun and if you are a woman, book that pap smear now!

Dr. Madeleine Cole is a physician at Baffin Regional Hospital.

Confidential questions or comments? Send an e-mail to nunatsiaqsexed@hotmail.com or drop a note by the news office.

Next week: Chlamydia

TOP


March 29, 2002

Chlamydia: Just the facts

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in Nunavut and Nunavik (and indeed in all of Canada).

In the hospital and health centers we see it way too much. Sexually active people between 15 and 30 get the greatest number of infections and chlamydia is diagnosed about four times more often in women than in men. This is because women are more easily infected and may also go to get checked more frequently.

Chlamydia is an infection that should be taken very seriously. In women, it can cause severe infections in the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes — the whole baby making apparatus!

This can lead to scarring and problems trying to get pregnant later on. The risk of having a tubal pregnancy is also increased in girls and women who have had chlamydia.

Babies born to infected women can have dangerous eye, ear or lung infections. In men, the infection can spread to the testicles and disrupt the sperm-making department so that they may also have trouble trying to have children later on.

Chlamydia is caused by nasty little bacteria and can spread from one person to another by vaginal, oral or rectal sex. Symptoms of chlamydia can take two to six weeks to develop and many people carry the infection without even knowing it.

Women may find that they have pain or bleeding during intercourse, more vaginal discharge than normal, pain when they pee or a sore lower belly. Men may have pain in the testicles (that’d be the balls), discharge from the penis, a need to pee more often or discomfort when going to the bathroom.

Now for some good news. Unlike HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), herpes and some other STDs, chlamydia can be cured. Once you and your partner have both finished all your pills as directed, you can have sex again — with a condom every time.

So how do you know when you have it? If you have had intercourse or oral sex without a condom, or have any of the symptoms described above, go to your health center or hospital and get checked.

In Baffin, we are fortunate to have technology that can find infection in a urine sample. Swabs done from the tip of the penis (or the chimney sweep as one patient called it) are no longer done in Nunavut.

Urine testing is a private, comfortable and reliable way of doing it. For women, it is routine to test for STDs during an annual pap smear.

If you do have the infection, all the people you have had sex with in the past three months should get tested and treated. Public health nurses can help notify your past partners without using your name so confidentiality is maintained.

And how do you minimize your risk of getting chlamydia? Being intimate without genital contact is one option. Limiting the number of partners you have is another. In responsible relationships, both partners should get the "all-clear" for STDs before choosing to have sex.

And for every sexual encounter you do choose to have, use condoms. As the new Lifesavers condom packages say, "If he covers his dick, you won’t get sick." It’s about respect — for yourself and for your partner.

Next week: HPV (the virus that causes cervical cancer and genital warts).

Confidential questions or comments? Send an e-mail to nunatsiaqsexed@hotmail.com or drop a note by the news office.

Madeleine Cole is a physician at Baffin Regional Hospital.

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Nunani

February 1, 2002

Vanished: Part three

RACHEL ATTITUQ QITSUALIK

The European style of "vanishing community" story is similar to the Inuit in that both involve the threat to a lone traveller of becoming ensnared during his stay in an unknown community. The implication is that a traveller who indulges in the hospitality of a strange people for too long takes on something of their essence or nature (thus the threat in the European tales of eating faerie food, ingesting something of the faerie nature).

Once the traveller’s nature is altered, the process is irreversible, and he can never again return to the lands of normal humanity. The Inuit version — especially the version involving cannibalism — is simply a reverse-style of the European, in that the strange people are trying to actually consume the traveller himself, instead of trying to trick the traveller into consuming food from their world.

My own feeling is that, when we view the Inuit vanishing community tale, we are viewing something that might eventually have evolved into the European style of tale. The European tale derives from the Occidental fear of being overtaken by a hostile, foreign people. This was a genuine Occidental concern, since much of the distribution of nations we know today from the "Old World" is a result of tribal peoples becoming displaced by larger, more aggressive cultures (such as Rome, or the Huns), in turn displacing others in their path.

In England alone, we can view a history involving many waves of displacements that formed the ethnic fabric of the nation — invading Picts, Britons, Celts, Saxons, Danes, and Normans. In light of such history, it is only natural that European (especially British) folklore would touch upon anxieties about the usually unpleasant encounters between alien cultures.

Inuit were also possessed of such anxiety, although not nearly to the degree that other cultures were. The primary "monstrous" people, to Inuit, were Indian peoples, who were largely thought of as cannibals who launched raids from the treeline. The truth, however, seems to be that Inuit and Indians pretty much raided each other at will, and many Inuit tales tell of various raids, massacres, and revenge killings (sometimes even of the adoption of Indian orphans by Inuit).

The Inuit vanishing community tale is something different, however. Such tales never involve a traveller stumbling across an Indian community. The community is, strangely, always Inuit. They are interesting in that they are not actually monsters, but simply an exceptionally treacherous people. So we have to ask ourselves: is this incidental, or is there an underlying meaning here?

I lean toward the latter opinion. It is very important to have the strange community as being Inuit. It is the very fact that the murderous strangers are Inuit that makes the tale a didactic one, shifting the emphasis of the tale away from a simple story cautioning listeners to "be wary of monsters out on the land," and moving it closer to a statement concerning social behaviour and proper living. In other words: the stories are not really about lost travellers, but about human communities themselves.

The key to the lesson is the vanishing itself. We must remember that there is no stated reason for an entire community to vanish into thin air (as has happened, in such tales, whenever a party of people returns to investigate the murderous community). Vanishing is the ability of certain supernatural creatures, but obviously not of Inuit. Similarly, traditional Inuit had no belief in an avenging spirit — such as the Old Testament Jehovah — to safeguard morality, punishing communities of the wicked. The closest thing might be Nuliajuk, who could withdraw her sea mammals if taboos were broken, but there are no tales of her swallowing up whole communities of wicked people.

This tells us that the vanishing community story is neither a tale of judgement, nor a tale of ethnic anxiety. In light of the fact that traditional Inuit were so socially aware, my belief is that this story is a lifestyle statement. It is a way by which the teller implies to the listeners the fate of a community whose structure is breaking down, a community wherein man preys upon his fellow man. To a people such as Inuit, whose very existence once depended upon mutual respect and social harmony, the ultimate fate of a predatory community is, inevitably, extinction.

Pijariiqpunga.

TOP


February 8, 2002

Of cabbages and kings: Part One

RACHEL ATTITUQ QITSUALIK

"The time has come," the Walrus said,

"To talk of many things:"

— from "The Walrus and the Carpenter" by Lewis Carroll

It was a perfect night for it. The moon hung coldly in the sky, a veil of shifting, charcoal clouds caressing its face. It was perfect for a game of amaruujaq — "playing wolf."

The wolf awaits at his post, waits for the villagers to meet their hideous fate. He howls menacingly, approaching the innocent victims. Most escape, barely, but some are not so lucky. They’ve been touched by the wolf, and have themselves been transformed, to feed on flesh and bone.

But this game of amaruujaq is not set in the windswept, frozen ice-cove of my childhood. Instead, it takes place at a modern day Army Cadet camp sponsored by the First Hussars, a militia regiment of Ontario. And the faces of those players are not the smiling, bronze, wind-burnt faces of Inuit children. They are the children of non-Inuit cultures — the little descendants of a post-colonial Canada. Only the moon seems one and the same. Well, the moon, and the players’ enthusiasm for the game itself.

The explanation of how I ended up playing amaruujaq with a bunch of Army Cadets begins with my father-in-law, who asked a favour of me. He happens to be the Commanding Officer ("CO") of the local cadet corps (the whole reason I’m stuck in the South at all is because my husband’s relatives live there). My father-in-law happens — luckily — to be proud of the fact that he has an Inuit daughter-in-law, something special for a southerner, I guess. Consequently, he asked me to lecture about Inuit to his cadets. This was last year, and I guess the cadets got a kick out of it, because I was asked back again, as a volunteer speaker on cold and the Arctic in general.

Well, this next volunteer stint was to take place at a winter camp out in the country-side, over a few days, on the edge of a wooded, semi-wilderness area. The whole thing was like herding cats, as a handful of adult officers tried to organize some 40 cadets of ages ranging from 10 to 16 years old — making sure they were safe, fed, and issued proper "kit." Such kit included a sleeping bag and useless, self-inflatable mattress — something we all slept upon, on the floor, together, with females on the kitchen floor and males in the main hall. It was lights out at 2200 (10:00 p.m.), and up at 0530 (5:30 a.m.). It was army ration packs for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. No showers. One bathroom.

In other words, it was fantastic. Here I was camping again!

I was scheduled to do my "Inuit" thing, as all the officers called it, on the evening of the second day, and the cadets would be mine for several hours — a couple of senior cadets keeping the rowdy, smaller ones in line. I admit I was experiencing some anxiety, since no one could tell me exactly what they wanted me to do. So I had to mostly wing it, and hope the cadets were responsive. I gathered that I was expected to talk about extreme cold, to impart some Inuit tricks for getting around it, since this trip was technically called "Winter Indoctrination," and the theme was winter survival. That wasn’t a problem, but I decided to spice things up a bit — tell some old stories, teach the kids some ajajaaq (string games), and show them how to play amaruujaq.

To me, this was all consistent with the survival theme. I wanted them to understand that Inuit have not simply survived for their millennia in the Arctic because of a few "cold weather tricks," but because they have shaped their entire culture, the way they relate to one another, to suit such conditions. Inuit culture has not thrived because we can make emergency drinking water by melting snow in skins on our backs; or because we can read natiruviat, snaking snow-drift lines that can determine wind direction and help one get home.

Our culture has thrived because of the way we train the minds of our children. And this begins with the manual dexterity learned from the shapes called forth from a simple string, or with the team work learned from a game such as amaruujaq.

(Continued next week.)


February 15, 2002

Of cabbages and kings: Part two

RACHEL ATTITUQ QITSUALIK

The army cadets started off the first day going out to do "fire building," starting a fire with a single match (in rather soggy, windy weather), heat a can of beans with it, then put the fire out safely.

The adult officers who were supervising, asked me if I would like to contribute, but they were going to fire-build in the woods — and what did I know about woodlands? Sure, I knew what made good kindling in the Arctic; even little kids could start fires where I grew up. But I felt that I wasn’t qualified when it came to trees and brush. I agreed to come along, but just as an observer.

I didn’t remain an observer for long.

The instructing officers quickly became frustrated with the cadets, who barely grasped any aspect of fire-building. Despite better advice, they chose the most crazy fire-sites — high ground, where wind scattered their sites every few seconds, or boggy areas where sites were instantly saturated with ice-water. One kid tried to start his fire in the crook of some tree-roots, it obviously not occurring to him that — if he ever got it blazing — it would burn a tree down. The Commanding Officer (CO) leaned toward me and whispered,

"Don’t stop them. They need to learn for themselves why their sites suck. And don’t worry about the kid at the tree there — he’s never going to get his fire started like that, so the tree is in no danger."

The more I watched, the more I became convinced that something was wrong with these kids, but I couldn’t place my finger on it. For one thing, they wouldn’t use the natural tools around them, such as sticks or rocks. The officers explained time and again all about tinder and how to light a fire with it; but still, the kids would go from nodding at the lesson examples, even repeating back what they had been told, to wandering about as though lost and confused.

After a while, I couldn’t stand it any more, and started taking an active part in the fire instruction. I stopped a boy who was dragging a dripping log over to his non-existent fire-site.

"Wait! Wait! Where are you going with that?"

He directed a stunned sort of look toward me, saying,

"Fire."

"Turn it over," I said.

He did so, revealing that the log was soaking wet.

"What do you see?" I asked him.

"Wet."

"So you remember what the CO was saying earlier, right? Is it good or bad for burning?"

He looked like he just wanted me to tell him the right answer, so that he could repeat it back properly, so that I would get out of his hair.

Another cadet, at another time, was emitting a lot of "ooches" and "ows" because he kept shifting his burning tinder around with his fingers, when there was a perfectly good stick sitting next to him. Not one cadet thought to ring any rocks, which were numerous in the area, around their fire. One boy thought he would be clever, and actually sat there rubbing two sticks together futilely — later explaining that he had seen this done on TV.

And I just about screamed when I saw two girls shivering as they used their bare hands to scoop icy water into a bowl — instead of just scooping the water up with the bowl itself.

Not one cadet ever thought to use their bean can label as kindling.

It came to me in a flash: Inuit have it much better than southerners. Inuit children are taught critical thinking all their lives. Classic Inuit education means teaching a child how to treat the world like a universal tool — an object can take on any use you can think of for it, as long as it makes you live.

These army cadets, conversely, were struggling because they had always been taught to cough up specific, pre-set answers to specific, pre-set questions. Every object or action had its designated place. A bowl was something that one put things into, never a scoop, because no one had ever "authorized" them to use it as such.

As any hunter could tell you, imagination is crucial to survival. But because survival had never before been important to these cadets, imagination had never become important, either.

(Continued next week.)

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February 22, 2002

Of cabbages and kings: Part three

RACHEL ATTITUQ QITSUALIK

Dealing with these southern army cadets was as illuminating as any cross-cultural workshop, if not more so. I learned as much as I taught.

It occurred to me, while witnessing their unfortunate attempts at building a fire with a single match (they could have multiple tries, but they were only allowed to use one match at a time), that they were having difficulty not because fire-building is hard, but simply because they were approaching it as though it were a school project.

In my mind, one word summed these kids up: Suburbia. They were too used to their specific environment. It was obvious that much of their energy went into keeping adults — along with adult concerns — off their backs, to the point where they approached every learning experience as though it were an equation, a process with distinct steps.

A) An adult proposes a project (eg., "Today we’re going to learn X.")

B) The adult asks perfunctory questions concerning the project’s nature (eg., "Anyone know how X works?")

C) The kids wait for the right answer ("right" meaning whatever the instructor wants to hear), faithfully jotting it down.

D) The kids regurgitate whatever the instructor wants to hear.

E) The lesson ends and the kids are free from temporary bondage, so that they can get on with their real lives.

Inuktitut teaching is completely different, because it is not about lessons or programs. It is about tapping the children’s natural talents, encouraging them to use their minds in an expansive, alternative way.

An Inuk child would not be taught to make a kamotik, for example, by being told one day, "A sled is made of the following materials... the pieces are set together in the following manner..." Instead, he or she would assist in the construction of a kamotik and participate in its use, so that the child can develop his or her personal sense of what makes a sled functional.

I once saw some hunters substitute caribou legs and frozen fish for slats in the kamotik. The fact that they didn’t have enough wood didn’t stop them. They were thinking in an expansive, adaptable way, instead of giving up because they didn’t have the parts that were "needed" for a sled.

Without the tenuous web of infrastructure that keeps an urban environment going, such expansive thinking is the difference between life and death. It’s what pulled our species out of an Ice Age, while most species around us went extinct. Think that cities are impervious to nature? Ask those residents of Quebec and eastern Ontario who endured the ice storm a few years ago if they feel that way.

So when it was my turn to have the cadets for the evening, to lecture them on cold weather survival, I decided that we had to start at the beginning — to alter their thinking. I had to dig down through the urban bull, and awaken their instincts, the animal part of the brain that is infinitely flexible, because its priority is staying alive.

Oh sure, I ran them through the standard tricks, such as finding water, conserving heat and eating proper foods. But I really wanted to re-orient their thinking toward survivalism, as in an experiment I once heard of. Some scientists had trained lab rats to run a series of mazes with cheese at the end. The rats got quite good at it, and the scientists wanted to see how a wild rat would stack up.

They were shocked when, instead of running the maze, the wild rat simply smelled the direction the cheese lay in, and chewed right through the maze walls to get it. I wanted these city kids, spawn of a southern metropolis, to break out of the lab. I wanted to be a wild rat (figuratively speaking, of course) teaching the lab rats how to chew through the maze.

So I spent a night on an uncomfortable, airless air-mattress, planning my lesson. Up to this point, I had been unsure of what to do, what I was going to instruct. But here I was, sleepless on a cold camp-kitchen floor, with the shockingly loud snores of little girls all around me (I hadn’t known that little girls snored), and some ideas began to come to me.

They wouldn’t be rats — they would be wolves. That, and I needed some string.

(Continued next week.)

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My Little Corner of Canada

February 22, 2002

The last Little Corner of Canada

As regular visitors to these pages will have noticed, my writing engine has been sputtering for the past year. The words no longer come as easily as they once did.

Rather than try to run on less than all cylinders, it is time to turn off the engine and rest it a while. This will be the last of the Little Corner of Canada.

I have lost count of the years I have been writing this column but it’s been fun, and I have enjoyed it very much. If I have put a smile on the faces of my regular visitors over the years, then I am very satisfied.

I like to think that This Little Corner observed a historic period of our people. We have settled our land claims. We have created our own territory and government. From colonial subjects, we are a people struggling back onto our feet. The first Inuk has been drafted by an NHL team. Our film-makers are winning national and international awards.

This is not to say that things are okay and that we have licked all our troubles. Far from it.

Too many of our people still drink and smoke too much. There is too much self-inflicted pain and suffering. There are too many school drop-outs. Most of our so-called leaders are inept and weak. The stench of corruption fouls the air around some of our organizations.

There are still government promises that remain broken. This little corner remembers very well being told that the government would always provide housing for us and that the rent would never be more than $67 per month. Why did the government massacre our dogs? That question remains unanswered.

I want to thank the loyal regular visitors to this corner. Thank you for your encouragement and your kind comments. Thank you to the editors and owners of this paper. Thank you to the people who translated these renderings.

Now that I no longer have to worry about deadlines, I will redirect this energy to beating Hilary in Scrabble.

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